The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When photons are irradiated on metal, their energy can be completely absorbed by electrons in the metal. The energy absorbed by electrons is large enough to overcome the internal gravitational force of metals, escape from the metal surface, and become photoelectrons. If the outer layer of silicon has four electrons, it will become pure silicon; If pure silicon is doped with atoms with three external electrons, such as boron atoms, a p-type semiconductor is formed. When p-type and n-type are combined, the contact surface will form a potential difference and become a solar cell. When sunlight shines on the p-n junction, holes move from the n-pole region to the p-pole region, and electrons move from the p-pole region to the n-pole region to form an electric current.

The photovoltaic power generation effect is the phenomenon of potential difference between different parts of uneven semiconductors or semiconductors combined with metals. Firstly, it is the process of converting photons (light waves) into electrons and converting light energy into electrical energy; Secondly, it is the process of forming voltage.

Polycrystalline silicon is processed into silicon wafers through processes such as casting, cutting, and slicing. Doping and diffusing a small amount of boron and phosphorus on a silicon wafer will form a schematic diagram of photovoltaic power generation to p-n junction. Then, screen printing is used to print the carefully prepared silver paste onto the silicon wafer, forming grid lines. After sintering is completed, the back electrode is simultaneously fabricated, and a layer of anti reflection coating is applied on the surface of the gate line to produce the battery chip. Arrange and combine battery cells into battery modules to form a large circuit board. Usually, aluminum frames are wrapped around components, with glass covering the front and electrodes installed on the back. It can be composed of batteries and other auxiliary devices. To convert direct current into alternating current, a current converter needs to be installed. After power generation, it can be stored in batteries or input into the public grid. Battery components account for approximately 50% of the cost of the power generation system, while current converters, installation fees, other auxiliary components, and other expenses make up 50%.

In order to achieve the "dual carbon target", under the promotion of national policies, the new energy photovoltaic power generation industry is in its heyday, and the construction of photovoltaic power stations will increase on a large scale in the future. However, an increasing number of security issues cannot be ignored.

For the safety of photovoltaic power generation, considering that the current of photovoltaic equipment connectors gradually increases with the increase of equipment power. In this case, the connector will generate more heat, thereby posing a potential fire hazard. Therefore, the connectors of photovoltaic modules are also one of the problems that can easily cause fires.

In photovoltaic power generation systems, connectors will be used for modules and inverters. For a 1MW photovoltaic system, approximately 2500 sets of connectors will be used depending on the module power used. Potential risk points of connectors: connection parts, positive and negative poles, and cables. Usually, contact resistance can cause high temperatures. If the temperature range is exceeded, the joint may malfunction and even cause a fire.